The Bayley Scales of Infant Development

	emphasize higher-order cognitive skills like memory and problem solving.
	are helpful in assessing the newborn's adjustment to life outside the womb.
	show good long-term prediction of childhood intellectual functioning.
	do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured at older ages.

Question 7

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According to the information-processing framework, ________ make(s) complex forms of thinking possible with age.

	increases in the size of short-term memory
	changes in the structure of the mental system
	increases in the capacity of the system
	goal-directed behavior

Question 8

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According to the core knowledge perspective, infants

	construct knowledge through independent exploration of their world.
	internalize knowledge though social interaction with others.
	achieve new mental abilities through schedules of reinforcement and punishment.
	begin life with innate, special-purpose knowledge systems.

Question 9

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Baby Marisa is twisting and turning triangles, circles, and squares to fit them into her shape-sorter. According to Piaget, this behavior would best be described as a ________ circular reaction.

	reflexive
	primary
	secondary
	tertiary

Question 10

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The Bayley Scales of Infant Development

	emphasize higher-order cognitive skills like memory and problem solving.
	are helpful in assessing the newborn's adjustment to life outside the womb.
	show good long-term prediction of childhood intellectual functioning.
	do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured at older ages.

Question 4

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Studies show that

	deafness cannot be diagnosed until at least the third postnatal month.
	deaf children do not need access to deaf adults or peers to experience natural language learning.
	deaf children of hearing parents frequently are delayed in the development of make-believe play and show impulse control problems.
	deaf children exhibit more favorable developmental outcomes if they have hearing parents than if they have deaf parents.

Question 5

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Input in the information-processing system

	is held in the sensory register until it is attended to.
	simply flows on its own through the various stores.
	is automatically transferred into long-term memory.
	is channeled through the parts of the mental system using mental strategies.

Question 6

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In Piaget's theory, adaptation refers to

	the back-and-forth movement between equilibration and disequilibration.
	the process of building schemes through direct interaction with the environment.
	a steady, comfortable cognitive state.
	a rearrangement and linking together of schemes.

Question 7

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According to the information-processing framework, ________ make(s) complex forms of thinking possible with age.

	increases in the size of short-term memory
	changes in the structure of the mental system
	increases in the capacity of the system
	goal-directed behavior

Question 8

(1 point)Save

According to the core knowledge perspective, infants

	construct knowledge through independent exploration of their world.
	internalize knowledge though social interaction with others.
	achieve new mental abilities through schedules of reinforcement and punishment.
	begin life with innate, special-purpose knowledge systems.

Question 9

(1 point)Save

Baby Marisa is twisting and turning triangles, circles, and squares to fit them into her shape-sorter. According to Piaget, this behavior would best be described as a ________ circular reaction.

	reflexive
	primary
	secondary
	tertiary

Question 10

(1 point)Save

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development

	emphasize higher-order cognitive skills like memory and problem solving.
	are helpful in assessing the newborn's adjustment to life outside the womb.
	show good long-term prediction of childhood intellectual functioning.
	do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured at older ages.

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Question 9 (1 point)Save Question 9Save
According to the Gibsons' differentiation theory, infants actively search for ________ of the environment in a constantly changing world.

binocular depth cues

intermodal perception

contrast sensitivity

invariant features
Question 10 (1 point)Save Question 10Save
When skeletal ages are examined,

Caucasian-American children tend to be ahead of African-American children.

more physically mature children are at greater risk of bone disease.

the difference between boys and girls decreases over infancy and childhood.

girls are considerably ahead of boys.

Question 5 (1 point)Save Question 5Save
Which of the following is an example of an intermodal match?

An infant blinks her eyes defensively when an object is moved toward her face as if was going to hit.

An infant coordinates reaching and grasping to retrieve a desired toy.

An infant links a happy voice with the appropriate face of a speaking person.

An infant uses pictorial depth cues to distinguish deep and shallow surfaces.
Question 6 (1 point)Save Question 6Save
As the result of synaptic pruning,

overstimulated neurons lose their connections with other neurons.

stimulated neurons reproduce themselves at an astounding pace.

nonstimulated neurons establish synapses with stimulated neurons.

neurons that are not needed at the moment are returned to an uncommitted state.
Question 7 (1 point)Save Question 7Save
________ is a very difficult response to classically condition in young infants because they

Hunger; are almost always hungry.

Fear; have no biological need to form these associations.

Happiness; express happiness only in familiar contexts.

Anger; do not yet have the capacity to express anger.
Question 8 (1 point)Save Question 8Save
Which picture is newborn Bjorn most likely to look at?

a face-like drawing with simple features

a face-like drawing with the features arranged upside down

a face-like drawing with the features arranged sideways

a complex drawing of a face
Question 9 (1 point)Save Question 9Save
According to the Gibsons' differentiation theory, infants actively search for ________ of the environment in a constantly changing world.

binocular depth cues

intermodal perception

contrast sensitivity

invariant features
Question 10 (1 point)Save Question 10Save
When skeletal ages are examined,

Caucasian-American children tend to be ahead of African-American children.

more physically mature children are at greater risk of bone disease.

the difference between boys and girls decreases over infancy and childhood.

girls are considerably ahead of boys.
Save All Responses

Question 10

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Infants with severe visual impairments are not motivated to move on their own until

	"reaching on sound" is achieved.
	their parents push them to do so.
	they have received extensive orientation and mobility training.
	they receive vision correction through eyeglasses or surgery.

Question 7

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Of the following, which motor activity typically develops first?

	sits alone
	grasps a cube
	plays pat-a-cake
	crawls

Question 8

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During infancy ________. These sex differences will ________ during adolescence.

	boys are slightly shorter and lighter; disappear
	boys are slightly shorter and lighter; be greatly magnified
	girls have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than do boys; disappear
	girls have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than do boys; be greatly magnified

Question 9

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When the ________ is repeatedly presented without being paired with the ________, ________ occurs.

	neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus; extinction
	conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus; learning
	conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus; extinction
	neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus; learning

Question 10

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Infants with severe visual impairments are not motivated to move on their own until

	"reaching on sound" is achieved.
	their parents push them to do so.
	they have received extensive orientation and mobility training.
	they receive vision correction through eyeglasses or surgery.

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