The Bayley Scales of Infant Development

	emphasize higher-order cognitive skills like memory and problem solving.
	are helpful in assessing the newborn's adjustment to life outside the womb.
	show good long-term prediction of childhood intellectual functioning.
	do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured at older ages.

Question 7

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According to the information-processing framework, ________ make(s) complex forms of thinking possible with age.

	increases in the size of short-term memory
	changes in the structure of the mental system
	increases in the capacity of the system
	goal-directed behavior

Question 8

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According to the core knowledge perspective, infants

	construct knowledge through independent exploration of their world.
	internalize knowledge though social interaction with others.
	achieve new mental abilities through schedules of reinforcement and punishment.
	begin life with innate, special-purpose knowledge systems.

Question 9

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Baby Marisa is twisting and turning triangles, circles, and squares to fit them into her shape-sorter. According to Piaget, this behavior would best be described as a ________ circular reaction.

	reflexive
	primary
	secondary
	tertiary

Question 10

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The Bayley Scales of Infant Development

	emphasize higher-order cognitive skills like memory and problem solving.
	are helpful in assessing the newborn's adjustment to life outside the womb.
	show good long-term prediction of childhood intellectual functioning.
	do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured at older ages.

Question 4

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Studies show that

	deafness cannot be diagnosed until at least the third postnatal month.
	deaf children do not need access to deaf adults or peers to experience natural language learning.
	deaf children of hearing parents frequently are delayed in the development of make-believe play and show impulse control problems.
	deaf children exhibit more favorable developmental outcomes if they have hearing parents than if they have deaf parents.

Question 5

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Input in the information-processing system

	is held in the sensory register until it is attended to.
	simply flows on its own through the various stores.
	is automatically transferred into long-term memory.
	is channeled through the parts of the mental system using mental strategies.

Question 6

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In Piaget's theory, adaptation refers to

	the back-and-forth movement between equilibration and disequilibration.
	the process of building schemes through direct interaction with the environment.
	a steady, comfortable cognitive state.
	a rearrangement and linking together of schemes.

Question 7

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According to the information-processing framework, ________ make(s) complex forms of thinking possible with age.

	increases in the size of short-term memory
	changes in the structure of the mental system
	increases in the capacity of the system
	goal-directed behavior

Question 8

(1 point)Save

According to the core knowledge perspective, infants

	construct knowledge through independent exploration of their world.
	internalize knowledge though social interaction with others.
	achieve new mental abilities through schedules of reinforcement and punishment.
	begin life with innate, special-purpose knowledge systems.

Question 9

(1 point)Save

Baby Marisa is twisting and turning triangles, circles, and squares to fit them into her shape-sorter. According to Piaget, this behavior would best be described as a ________ circular reaction.

	reflexive
	primary
	secondary
	tertiary

Question 10

(1 point)Save

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development

	emphasize higher-order cognitive skills like memory and problem solving.
	are helpful in assessing the newborn's adjustment to life outside the womb.
	show good long-term prediction of childhood intellectual functioning.
	do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured at older ages.

---

Question 9 (1 point)Save Question 9Save
According to the Gibsons' differentiation theory, infants actively search for ________ of the environment in a constantly changing world.

binocular depth cues

intermodal perception

contrast sensitivity

invariant features
Question 10 (1 point)Save Question 10Save
When skeletal ages are examined,

Caucasian-American children tend to be ahead of African-American children.

more physically mature children are at greater risk of bone disease.

the difference between boys and girls decreases over infancy and childhood.

girls are considerably ahead of boys.

Question 5 (1 point)Save Question 5Save
Which of the following is an example of an intermodal match?

An infant blinks her eyes defensively when an object is moved toward her face as if was going to hit.

An infant coordinates reaching and grasping to retrieve a desired toy.

An infant links a happy voice with the appropriate face of a speaking person.

An infant uses pictorial depth cues to distinguish deep and shallow surfaces.
Question 6 (1 point)Save Question 6Save
As the result of synaptic pruning,

overstimulated neurons lose their connections with other neurons.

stimulated neurons reproduce themselves at an astounding pace.

nonstimulated neurons establish synapses with stimulated neurons.

neurons that are not needed at the moment are returned to an uncommitted state.
Question 7 (1 point)Save Question 7Save
________ is a very difficult response to classically condition in young infants because they

Hunger; are almost always hungry.

Fear; have no biological need to form these associations.

Happiness; express happiness only in familiar contexts.

Anger; do not yet have the capacity to express anger.
Question 8 (1 point)Save Question 8Save
Which picture is newborn Bjorn most likely to look at?

a face-like drawing with simple features

a face-like drawing with the features arranged upside down

a face-like drawing with the features arranged sideways

a complex drawing of a face
Question 9 (1 point)Save Question 9Save
According to the Gibsons' differentiation theory, infants actively search for ________ of the environment in a constantly changing world.

binocular depth cues

intermodal perception

contrast sensitivity

invariant features
Question 10 (1 point)Save Question 10Save
When skeletal ages are examined,

Caucasian-American children tend to be ahead of African-American children.

more physically mature children are at greater risk of bone disease.

the difference between boys and girls decreases over infancy and childhood.

girls are considerably ahead of boys.
Save All Responses

Question 10

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Infants with severe visual impairments are not motivated to move on their own until

	"reaching on sound" is achieved.
	their parents push them to do so.
	they have received extensive orientation and mobility training.
	they receive vision correction through eyeglasses or surgery.

Question 7

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Of the following, which motor activity typically develops first?

	sits alone
	grasps a cube
	plays pat-a-cake
	crawls

Question 8

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During infancy ________. These sex differences will ________ during adolescence.

	boys are slightly shorter and lighter; disappear
	boys are slightly shorter and lighter; be greatly magnified
	girls have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than do boys; disappear
	girls have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than do boys; be greatly magnified

Question 9

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When the ________ is repeatedly presented without being paired with the ________, ________ occurs.

	neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus; extinction
	conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus; learning
	conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus; extinction
	neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus; learning

Question 10

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Infants with severe visual impairments are not motivated to move on their own until

	"reaching on sound" is achieved.
	their parents push them to do so.
	they have received extensive orientation and mobility training.
	they receive vision correction through eyeglasses or surgery.

---

Question 4

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Infants who have experience with ________ are far more likely to refuse to cross the deep side of the visual cliff.

	reaching and grasping
	crawling
	walking
	sitting up

Question 5

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Studies of hearing demonstrate that newborns

	prefer Mozart's minuets with awkward breaks to those with pauses between phrases.
	"screen out" sounds not used in their own language.
	can distinguish nearly all sounds in human languages.
	prefer listening to non-native languages.

Question 6

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Production and migration of neurons are largely complete by

	the end of the second trimester of pregnancy.
	birth.
	an infant's first birthday.
	age 5.

Baby Owen's attention to his music box decreased because his mother has played it several times. When Owen's mother played a different music box, his attention increased. Owen's increase demonstrates

	habituation.
	imitation.
	recovery.
	reinforcement.

Question 2

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Most 12-month-olds

	can identify the signals from a full bladder or rectum, but resist being toilet trained because they are preoccupied with playing and practicing motor skills.
	are toilet trained quicker than children whose parents delay toilet training until the second year.
	can be toilet trained within 2 months.
	cannot consistently identify the signals from a full bladder or rectum.

Question 3

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Studies of perception demonstrate that

	Western adults but not infants can detect rhythmic-pattern deviations of non-Western music.
	several weeks of daily opportunities to listen to non-Western music restores Western adults' sensitivity to detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in non-Western melodies.
	by 12 months of age, Western babies lose their ability to detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in non-Western melodies.
	Western children retain the ability to detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in non-Western melodies throughout childhood.

Question 4

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Infants who have experience with ________ are far more likely to refuse to cross the deep side of the visual cliff.

	reaching and grasping
	crawling
	walking
	sitting up

Question 5

(1 point)Save

Studies of hearing demonstrate that newborns

	prefer Mozart's minuets with awkward breaks to those with pauses between phrases.
	"screen out" sounds not used in their own language.
	can distinguish nearly all sounds in human languages.
	prefer listening to non-native languages.

Question 6

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Production and migration of neurons are largely complete by

	the end of the second trimester of pregnancy.
	birth.
	an infant's first birthday.
	age 5.

Question 7

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Of the following, which motor activity typically develops first?

	sits alone
	grasps a cube
	plays pat-a-cake
	crawls

Question 8

(1 point)Save

During infancy ________. These sex differences will ________ during adolescence.

	boys are slightly shorter and lighter; disappear
	boys are slightly shorter and lighter; be greatly magnified
	girls have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than do boys; disappear
	girls have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than do boys; be greatly magnified

Question 9

(1 point)Save

When the ________ is repeatedly presented without being paired with the ________, ________ occurs.

	neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus; extinction
	conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus; learning
	conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus; extinction
	neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus; learning

Question 10

(1 point)Save

Infants with severe visual impairments are not motivated to move on their own until

	"reaching on sound" is achieved.
	their parents push them to do so.
	they have received extensive orientation and mobility training.
	they receive vision correction through eyeglasses or surgery.

---

Question 10

(1 point)Save

Pediatricians usually test newborn reflexes carefully because weak, absent, or exaggerated reflexes in an infant may indicate

	ineffective parenting.
	poor gross motor skills.
	poor muscle tone.
	damage to the cerebral cortex.

Posted by Bella4AliceCullen at 8:51 PM 0 comments

Question 7

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Research on bonding suggests that skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her baby in the minutes after birth

	guarantees immediate emotional closeness between the new mother and the newborn.
	is especially important for mothers who have had difficult or surgical births.
	provides a short window of opportunity during which a newborn will spontaneously latch on to the mother's breast and begin sucking.
	is not essential for the development of a lasting mother-child bond.

Question 8

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How did childbirth customs change after the industrial revolution?

	Women's knowledge of childbirth declined as doctors assumed responsibility.
	More children were born at home than in hospitals.
	The focus of childbirth expanded to include family and friends.
	The return to natural childbirth increased and fewer women requested medication during delivery.

Question 9

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Research on interventions for parents of preterm newborns shows that

	interventions are not needed for economically advantaged parents to promote healthy development.
	the benefits of any intervention wash out by the time the children enter elementary school.
	interventions that combine stimulating child care and weekly parent training sessions can boost the intellectual functioning of children born into poverty.
	only a few, early training sessions for low-income new parents can lead to strong lifelong benefits for their children.

Question 10

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Pediatricians usually test newborn reflexes carefully because weak, absent, or exaggerated reflexes in an infant may indicate

	ineffective parenting.
	poor gross motor skills.
	poor muscle tone.
	damage to the cerebral cortex.