Baby Owen's attention to his music box decreased because his mother has played it several times. When Owen's mother played a different music box, his attention increased. Owen's increase demonstrates

	habituation.
	imitation.
	recovery.
	reinforcement.

Question 2

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Most 12-month-olds

	can identify the signals from a full bladder or rectum, but resist being toilet trained because they are preoccupied with playing and practicing motor skills.
	are toilet trained quicker than children whose parents delay toilet training until the second year.
	can be toilet trained within 2 months.
	cannot consistently identify the signals from a full bladder or rectum.

Question 3

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Studies of perception demonstrate that

	Western adults but not infants can detect rhythmic-pattern deviations of non-Western music.
	several weeks of daily opportunities to listen to non-Western music restores Western adults' sensitivity to detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in non-Western melodies.
	by 12 months of age, Western babies lose their ability to detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in non-Western melodies.
	Western children retain the ability to detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in non-Western melodies throughout childhood.

Question 4

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Infants who have experience with ________ are far more likely to refuse to cross the deep side of the visual cliff.

	reaching and grasping
	crawling
	walking
	sitting up

Question 5

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Studies of hearing demonstrate that newborns

	prefer Mozart's minuets with awkward breaks to those with pauses between phrases.
	"screen out" sounds not used in their own language.
	can distinguish nearly all sounds in human languages.
	prefer listening to non-native languages.

Question 6

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Production and migration of neurons are largely complete by

	the end of the second trimester of pregnancy.
	birth.
	an infant's first birthday.
	age 5.

Question 7

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Of the following, which motor activity typically develops first?

	sits alone
	grasps a cube
	plays pat-a-cake
	crawls

Question 8

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During infancy ________. These sex differences will ________ during adolescence.

	boys are slightly shorter and lighter; disappear
	boys are slightly shorter and lighter; be greatly magnified
	girls have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than do boys; disappear
	girls have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than do boys; be greatly magnified

Question 9

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When the ________ is repeatedly presented without being paired with the ________, ________ occurs.

	neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus; extinction
	conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus; learning
	conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus; extinction
	neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus; learning

Question 10

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Infants with severe visual impairments are not motivated to move on their own until

	"reaching on sound" is achieved.
	their parents push them to do so.
	they have received extensive orientation and mobility training.
	they receive vision correction through eyeglasses or surgery.

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