Question 4

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Of the following, which is supported by research on newborn hearing?

	Newborns' ability to perceive sounds not found in their own language is more precise than adults.
	Babies are unable to locate the general direction of a sound until at least 3 months of age.
	Newborns prefer to hear a foreign language as opposed to their native language.
	Young babies are more attentive to speech when it is spoken in a low-pitched, monotone manner.

Question 5

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In industrialized nations, ________ is/are the leading cause of infant mortality between 1 week and 12 months.

	sudden infant death syndrome
	automobile accidents
	congenital defects
	falls

Question 6

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Swaddling

	is an effective method of soothing a crying baby.
	interferes with sleep in infants.
	hinders the development of early motor abilities.
	promotes an insecure attachment relationship between mother and baby.

Question 7

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Research on bonding suggests that skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her baby in the minutes after birth

	guarantees immediate emotional closeness between the new mother and the newborn.
	is especially important for mothers who have had difficult or surgical births.
	provides a short window of opportunity during which a newborn will spontaneously latch on to the mother's breast and begin sucking.
	is not essential for the development of a lasting mother-child bond.

Question 8

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How did childbirth customs change after the industrial revolution?

	Women's knowledge of childbirth declined as doctors assumed responsibility.
	More children were born at home than in hospitals.
	The focus of childbirth expanded to include family and friends.
	The return to natural childbirth increased and fewer women requested medication during delivery.

Question 9

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Research on interventions for parents of preterm newborns shows that

	interventions are not needed for economically advantaged parents to promote healthy development.
	the benefits of any intervention wash out by the time the children enter elementary school.
	interventions that combine stimulating child care and weekly parent training sessions can boost the intellectual functioning of children born into poverty.
	only a few, early training sessions for low-income new parents can lead to strong lifelong benefits for their children.

Question 10

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Pediatricians usually test newborn reflexes carefully because weak, absent, or exaggerated reflexes in an infant may indicate

	ineffective parenting.
	poor gross motor skills.
	poor muscle tone.
	damage to the cerebral cortex.

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